-Asghari, Gh., 2006. Biotechnological Production of Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines. Publications of Esfahan SID, 287p. Persian.
-Bandeali, A., Keyhanfar, M. and Asghari, Gh., 2013. Improve the production of artemisinin in Artemisia annua Hairy roots using Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4: 82-92. Persian.
-Christey, M.C. and Braun, R.H., 2005. Production of hairy root cultures and transgenic plants by
Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation.
Methods in Molecular Biology, 286: 47 -60.
-Cichewicz, R.H. and Kouzi, S.A., 2004. Chemistry, biological activity, and chemotherapeutic potential of betulinic acid for the prevention and treatment of cancer and HIV infection.
Medicinal Research Reviews, 24:90–114.
-Doyle, J.J. and Doyle, J.L., 1990. Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus, 12: 5-13.
-Fan, G., Zhai, Q., Li, X. and Zhan, Y., 2013. Compound of Betula platyphylla cell suspension cultures in response to fungal elicitor. Biotechnol & Biotechnol, 27: 3569-3572.
-Gamborg, O.L., Miller, R.A. and Ojima, K.,1968. Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells.
Experimental Cell Research. 50: 151-158.
-Fett-Neto, A.G., Stewart, J.M., Nicholson, S.A., Pennington, J.J. and Di-Cosmo, F., 1994. Improved taxol yield by aromatic carboxylic acid and amino acid feeding to cell cultures of T. cuspidata. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 44: 967-971.
-Guillen, S., Tremouillaux-Guillen, J., Pati, P.K., Rideau, M. and Gantet, P., 2006. Harnessing the potential of hairy roots. Trends in Biotechnology, 24: 403-409.
-Hassanloo, T., Rezazade, Sh. and Rahnama, H., 2008. Hairy roots as a source of compounds with medicinal value. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 29: 1-17.
-Hiltunen, E., Pakkanen, T.T. and Alvila, L., 2006. Phenolic compounds in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) wood. Holzforschung, 60: 519–527.
-Hu, Z.B. and Du, M., 2006. Hairy root and its application in plant genetic engineeering. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 48: 121-127.
-I.U.C.N., 2001. IUCN Red list categories and criteria. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
-Kahkonen, M.P., Hopia, A. I., Vuorela, H.J., Rauha, J.P., Pihlaja, K., Kujala, T.S. and Heinonen, M., 1999. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47: 3954–3962.
-Kim, J.A., Baek, K.H., Son, Y.M., Son, S.H. and Shin., H., 2009. Hairy Root Cultures of
Taxus cuspidata for Enhanced Production of Paclitaxel.
Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, 52:144-150.
-Kokate, C.K., 2006. Medicinal Plant Biotechnology.CBS Publisher and Distributors, 506 pp.
-McCown, B.H. and Sellmer, J.C., 1982. Media and physical environment. In: Bonga, J.M. and Durzan, D.J (Eds.), Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry, VoL 1, General Principles and Biotechnology. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Pordrecht. 422.
-Martin, C., Parra, T., Clemente-Muñoz, M. and Hernandez-Bermejo, J.E., 2008. Genetic diversity and structure of the endangered Betula pendula subsp. fontqueri populations in the south of Spain. Silva Fennica, 42: 487–498.
-Mehri Rad, N., 2014. Possibility to increase betulin extract of betula litwinowii callus In Vitro condition. MS thesis. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Iran, MS thesis, 74p. Persian.
-Nagata, I. and Takebe, I., 1971. Plating of isolated tobacco mesophyll protoplasts on agar medium. Planta 99:12-20.
-Omidi, M. and Farzin, N., 2012. Biotechnology applications to increase the effectiveness of medicinal plants. Modern Genetic, 7: 209-220.
-Payamnoor, V. and Jafari Hajati, R., 2015.To assess changes of major secondary metabolites produced in the calli of Betula pendula by affecting expellant type and medium culture. Research project of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran, No, 21-314-92, 31p. Persian.
-Payamnoor, V., Jafari Hajati, R. and Nazari, J., 2015. Callogenesis of two species of birch (Bpendula and B litwinowii) using the bark explant and evaluation of inducted betulin. Reaserch project of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran, No, 20-314-92, 21p. Persian.
-Pisha, E., Chai, H., Lee, I.S., Chagwedera, T.E., Farnsworth, N.R., Cordell, A.C., Beecher, C.W.W., Fong, H.H.S., Kinghorn, A.D., Brown, D.M., Wani, M.C., Wall, M.E., Hieken, T.J., Das Gupta, T.K. and Pezzuto, J.M., 1995. Discovery of betulinic acid as a selective inhibitor of human melanoma that functions by induction of apoptosis:
Natural Medicines, 1: 1046-1051.
-Rajasekaran, K., Hudspeth, R.L., Cary, J.W., Anderson, D.M. and Cleveland, T.F., 2000. High-frequency transformation of catton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by particle bombardment of embrogenic cell suspension cultures. Plant Cell Report, 19: 539 - 45.
-Simola, L.K., 1985. Propagation of plantlets from leaf callus of Betula pendula f. purpurea. Scientia Hortic, 26: 77-85.
-Srivastiva, P.S., Steinhauer, A. and Glock, H., 1985. Plantlet differentiation in leaf and root cultures of birch (Betula Pendula Roth). Plant Science, 42:209-214.
-Stephanie, G., Jocelyne, T.G., Pratap, K.P., Marc, R. and Pascal. G., 2006. Hairy root research:recent scenario and prospects. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 9: 341-346.
-Valko, M., Izakovic. M., Mazur, M., Rhodes, C.J. and Telser, J., 2004. Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence. Molecular Cell Biochemistry, (1-2): 37-56.
-Zare, H., 2002. Ecologia study of Betula pendula stands in Sangde and Lar vally. Tarbiat Modares University. Iran, M.Sc. thesis, 140p. Persian.
)