تغییرات شاخص‏ های فیزیولوژیک و نمایه متابولیتی مرزه خوزستانی (Satureja khuzistanica) در پاسخ به تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

2 دانشیار، گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

3 استاد، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

4 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی کشاورزی، پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

چکیده

مرزه خوزستانی یکی از نه گونه انحصاری جنس مرزه در ایران محسوب می‏شود که به‎دلیل داشتن ترکیب فنلی کارواکرول در اسانس و اسیدهای فنلی رزمارینیک و کافئیک در عصاره، دارای اثرات ضد میکروبی قوی می‌باشد که در درمان تعدادی از بیماری‌ها مؤثر است. در این تحقیق، تنش خشکی از طریق روش قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی بر یک کلن از مرزه خوزستانی اعمال شد. نمونه‌برداری در فواصل سه روز و در پنج مرحله انجام شد و تعدادی از شاخص‏های فیزیولوژیک اندازه‏ گیری شد. به‎منظور استخراج اسانس و تعیین بازده آن از دستگاه کلونجر، برای تعیین درصد ترکیبات موجود در اسانس از دستگاه‏ های GC و GC/MS و برای تعیین مقدار ترکیبات موجود در عصاره الکلی از دستگاه HPTLC استفاده شد. نمایه متابولیتی تهیه شده بر حسب الگوی زمان بیانگر روند افزایشی -کاهشی برای ترکیبات فنلی و ترپن‏هایی مانند تیمول، گاماترپینن، پاراسیمن، کافئیک اسید و رزمارینیک اسید بود. همچنین، تنش خشکی منجر به افزایش معنی‏دار بازده اسانس، قندهای محلول و پرولین و نیز کاهش معنی‏دار شاخص‏های توان آبی برگ، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و رنگیزه‏های گیاهی شد. نمایه متابولیتی مرزه خوزستانی بیانگر راهبردهای بکار گرفته شده این گیاه در ایجاد فنوتیپ‏های بیوشیمیایی مختلف می‏باشد. همچنین از نتایج کاربردی این تحقیق می‏توان به ‎کاربرد اثربخش تنش خشکی قبل از برداشت محصول اشاره کرد که منجر به افزایش کیفی محصول می‏شود. این تحقیق بیانگر اثر تنش خشکی بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و متابولیسم ثانویه می‌باشد تا در آینده با استفاده از مهندسی متابولیک این گونه با ارزش بتوان تولید ترکیبات مهمی مانند کارواکرول، رزمارینیک اسید و کافئیک اسید را افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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