A study of chromosome homology between three Iranian Aegilops species with D genome and bread wheat (T. aestivum)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Agricultural college, University of Tehran

2 Agricultural college, University of Tehran.

3 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, karj.

Abstract

The D genome of T. aestivum has an important role in agronomic traits of bread wheat. It has been inherited to bread wheat from A. tauschii. Moreover, two Iranian species A. cylindrica and
A. crassa have received D genome from A. tauschii. 52 samples with 13 samples from each species were selected from different areas, to study homology between D genome of these species and possibility of transferring alien genes to bread wheat. Interspecific hybrids between Aegilops and bread wheat samples of each set were made in farm. The meiotic chromosomal pairing was studied in young spikes of F1 hybrids of Aegilops species and bread wheat. Results suggested that hybridization between them is possible however by embryo rescue. The genome of A. tauschii is very similar to D genome of bread wheat. Usually, homologues chromosomes of D genome in two species were paired to each other and average of chiasmata was 11.9 per cell. Lower homology was found between genome of A. cylindrica and bread wheat. The average of chiasmata was 7.37 per cell in these crosses. Homology between genome of tetraploid A. crassa and bread wheat was very low and average of chiasmata in this cross was just 3.42 chiasmata per cell. These species are very important in bread wheat improvement because transferring alien genes to bread wheat is possible even by a few chiasmata formations in hybrids.

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