Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad, Iran
2
Biology department, Science College. Gonbade kavous university, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
10.22092/ijrfpbgr.2024.365843.1463
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Background and Objectives:
The Rhamnaceae family is one of the largest flowering plant families, comprising 52-57 genera and around 950 species worldwide. Of these, 14 species are reported in China, while the remaining are found across Europe and tropical regions. In Iran, five genera of this family (occasionally six) are present and are among the most well-known trees in Iranian forests. Understanding the ecological and habitat conditions of native plant species is essential for researchers. This study aimed to investigate the micromorphology of the epidermis surface and fruits and to measure some phytochemical compounds, and molecular characteristics of eight Rhamnus pallasii populations.
Methodology:
This study examined the micromorphology, molecular characteristics, and phytochemical composition of eight Rhamnus pallasii populations. The epidermis surface, stomata, and fruit were analyzed using electron microscopy at the Razi Metallurgy Center in Tehran. Iran. Genetic diversity was assessed using ISSR markers across the eight populations. The extraction of samples was made using water and 80% ethanol solvents, then, the total phenol, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of extracts were measured.
Results:
In all populations, the stomata were irregular in shape, of the anomocytic type, with anticlinal walls that ranged from straight to curved. All samples exhibited simple, single-celled cover hairs with varying densities across populations. Molecular studies revealed significant genetic differences among the populations. Phytochemical analysis showed considerable variations in the levels of phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant properties among the samples. Environmental factors such as altitude, soil, humidity, light, temperature, pressure, and latitude played a key role in plant growth, essential oil production, and the accumulation of secondary metabolites.
Conclusion:
Micromorphological analysis of the studied populations showed irregular shapes, with anomocytic stomata and straight-to-curved anticlinal walls. All populations displayed simple, single-celled trichomes, although hair density varied across populations. Molecular analysis indicated significant genetic differences among the populations, while phytochemical investigations revealed notable differences in phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant content. Environmental factors, including altitude, soil, humidity, light, temperature, pressure, and latitude, played an important role in plant growth, essential oil yield, and secondary metabolite accumulation.
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