The effect of different plant growth regulators on the amount of biochemical compounds and some secondary metabolites of callus tissue of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) in in vitro culture conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

3 Educational Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran

4 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

10.22092/ijrfpbgr.2024.363423.1449

Abstract

The fennel plant, with its scientific name (Foeniculum vulgare L.), is a member of the Apiaceae family. The Fennel is considered a valuable medicinal plant in traditional medicine in Iran and other countries, and it has been used to treat many infectious, digestive, and other diseases. Among the compounds with high medicinal value found in this plant, we can mention the large family of flavonoids. Considering the unique properties of the fennel plant and its importance in the pharmaceutical and food industries, and the importance of new methods of plant tissue culture to produce and increase the amount of plant secondary metabolites, the present research is aimed at increasing the production of biochemical compounds and secondary metabolites such as rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol from the callus tissue obtained from this plant, was done using methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and phenylalanine as stimulating agents in different concentrations and durations.
Methodology
This research evaluated the effect of plant growth stimulants such as methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and phenylalanine in concentrations in three concentrations: 50, 100, and 200 mg/liter coupled with zero (as a control treatment), was treated for 24, 48, and 96 hours using a 10 × 3 factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design with three replications on the level of biochemical compounds including the amount of protein, the activity of peroxidase and
catalase enzymes, accumulation of proline, anthocyanin, and flavonoids as well as the amount of rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol was analyzed. For this purpose, callus samples obtained from an MS culture medium containing two mg.l-1 NAA and one mg.l-1 Kin were treated with the mentioned growth stimulants for 24, 48, and 96 hours.
Results
 According to the obtained results, the amount of protein, accumulation of amino acid proline, anthocyanin, and flavonoid, as well as the amount of rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol significantly and at the probability level of 1% under the influence of the two-way interaction of the type of stimulant the duration of it. Higher concentrations of methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid significantly increased the production of proline, flavonoid, and anthocyanin in callus samples collected from the culture medium. The highest amount of proline accumulation (0.93 μg/mg protein) was related to the callus tissue collected from the culture medium containing 200 mg/liter methyl jasmonate for 96 hours. The highest amounts of flavonoid and anthocyanin were 0.25 and 5.45 mg/g of callus weight, corresponding to the culture medium containing 200 mg.l-1 of methyl jasmonate for 96 hours. The highest peroxidase and catalase enzyme activity was also related to the culture medium containing methyl-jasmonate at a concentration of 200 mg.l-1 and 96 hours. On the other hand, according to the obtained results, by increasing the concentration of methyl-jasmonate to 200 mg.l-1, the amount of rutin production in the sample of fennel plant callus increased. The highest amount of quercetin (5.24 mg/gram of callus weight) was related to the culture medium containing 200 mg.l-1 of methyl jasmonate for 24 hours.
Conclusion
 According to the results obtained in this research, treatment of callus with higher concentrations (100 and 200 mg.l-1) of methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and phenylalanine increases the production of plant secondary metabolites (rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol) in this plant.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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