Evaluation of genetic and biochemical variation in six basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) populations

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. candidate, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbasm I.R. Iran

2 Assoc. Prof. Agricultural Research and Education Center and Natural Resources of Isfahan Province Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, I.R. Iran

3 Assist. Prof. Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Isfahan Province Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, I.R. Iran

4 Assist. Prof. Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources of Isfahan Province Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, I.R. Iran

Abstract

The success of plant breeders depends on the genetic diversity amount in plants and their wild relatives. Awareness of genetic distance and similarity makes it possible to organize hereditary reserves, effective sampling of genotypes, and better use of diversity. This research was carried out to study the genetic diversity of six basil populations (Ocimum basilicum L.) and to evaluate their biochemical response to low irrigation and two densities in the greenhouse of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Isfahan, Iran using a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. Basil populations as Afghan (green), Ghaemieh (violet), Qahjavaristan (green), Ardestan (green), Mobarakeh (green), and Mahyar (violet)) were sown in two densities of 6.6 and 20 plants/m2 in row distance at 50 cm with plant distance of 30 cm (equal to 6.6 plants/m2) and 10 cm (equal to 20 plants/m2). Drip irrigation was performed using evaporation pan in the form of three treatments of 60, 80 and 100% of field capacity (FC). In addition, 12 pairs of AFLP primers were used to study genetic diversity. According to the results obtained in all the irrigation conditions, the Afghan population showed the highest percentage of essential oil. Among the populations, the highest amounts of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were belonged to the Qahjavaristan with the values of 0.62, 0.44 and 0.53 µmol.m-1/FW, respectively. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a and b (1.49 and 0.76 mg/g FW) were belonged to the Mobarakeh. Regarding dehydration stress, it was found that the application of 80 and 60%FC led to an increase of 4% and 19% of catalase, 6% and 22% of peroxidase and 5% and 20% of superoxide dismutase, respectively. In general, the Afghan population showed the highest stress-tolerance level. Based on the analysis of AFLP results, each primer produced an average of 10.51 polymorphism bands, and primer 11 had the highest band production among the primers. Based on the genetic similarity matrix, the highest genetic similarity between Mobarakeh and Ardestan populations was at the rate of 0.99. The lowest genetic similarity (0.71) was related to Ardestan and Mahyar populations. Totally, populations with the least genetic similarity (Ardestan and Mahyar) could be used as parents in breeding programs, which leads to progeny with higher genetic diversity. The Afghan population can also be considered as parent in stress-resistant breeding programs.

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References

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Zare, M., Ganjeali, A. and Lahouti, M., 2021. Rosmarinic and caffeic acids contents in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) are altered by different levels of phosphorus and mycorrhiza inoculation under drought stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 43(2): 1-10.

Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Volume 30, Issue 1 - Serial Number 59
September 2022
Pages 56-71

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