Occurrence and recovery of vittrification in plant tissue culture

Authors

1 Research Institute of Forests & Rangelands, P.O. Box: 13185-116, Tehran, Iran

2 Dept. of Crop Science, Horticulture & Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, UCD, Dublin,Ireland

Abstract

Vitrification (Hyperhydricity) is a problem which often occurs in in vitro culture of woody plants. Vitrified shoots are abnormally glassy, thick and translucent. The so-called vitreous plants appears turgid, watery at the surface, less green and easily breakable. During the study tissue culture of Eucalyptus spp., vitrified leaves and tissue were mostly observed in E. camadulensis and E. viminalis. Type and concentration of gelling agents, vessel types and also antivitrification agents to overcome such physiological disorder were examined for both species. The percentage of water content of tissue with Phytogel was significantly more (88.22%) than tissue with agar (81.29). Moreover, shoots of E. camadulensis grown on medium with 7.0 gl-1 Bacto-agar exhibited low levels of vitrification. The antivitrifying agent EM2 statistically decreased vitrified shoots with higher concentration of agar in E. camaldulensis. Results also showed that there was no significant difference  between effects of the two agar concentrations in E. viminalis, but the antivitrifying agent EM2 at 5.0 gl-1 significantly reduced vitrification in comparison with control. Despite the lower growth and proliferation of the micropropagated shoots on the medium supplemented with EM2, the shoots produced with high quality and most of them were free of any symptoms of vitrification.

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