Variations of physiological indices and metabolite profiling in Satureja khuzistanica in response to drought stress

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D., Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, I.R. Iran.

2 Assoc. Prof., Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, I.R. Iran

3 Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I.R. Iran.

4 Assoc. Prof., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, I.R. Iran

Abstract

  Savory (Satureja khuzistanica) is one of the nine endemic species which have phenolic compounds such as carvacrole and thymol in its essential oil and rosmarinic and other phenolic acids in its extract, has strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and remarkable effects on several diseases. Drought stress was induced by stopping irrigation at flowering stage. Samples were taken five times with three interval days and several physiological traits were measured. For oil extraction, Clevenger apparatus was used. For determination of essential oil’s components and methanolic extract compounds, GC, GC/MS and HPTLC were utilized. Profiling of volatiles using GC/MS, showed an increasing-decreasing trend at major phenolic and terpenes compounds such as thymol, γ- Terpinene, p- Cymene, Rosmarinic acid and Caffeic acid. Drought stress also led to a significant increase in oil yield, soluble sugars and proline as well as a significant reduction in leaf water potential, relative water content and pigments. Metabolite profiling of Satureja khuzistanica represents the strategies employed by savory in generating different biochemical phenotype. Applicable results of this study for increasing product quality is effective application of drought stress before harvesting. The results verified that drought stress affected physiological characteristics and secondary metabolism of savory which were useful for future work by using metabolic engineering focusing on important species to increase main compounds, such as carvacrol and rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

-      Abbaszadeh, B., Sharifi Ashourabadi, E., Lebaschi M.H., Naderi Haji Bagherkandi, M. and Moghadami, F., 2008. The effect of drought stress on proline contents, soluble sugars, chlorophyll and relative water contents of balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 38(4): 504-513.
-      Acar, O., Turkan, I. and Ozdemir, F., 2001. Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in drought sensitive and resistant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties. Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 23: 351-356.
-      Adams, R.P., 2007. Identification of Essential oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, 4th edn. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL, USA.
-      Baskan, S., Oztekin, N. and Erim, F., 2007. Determination of carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid in sage by capillary electrophoresis. Food Chemistry, 101: 1748-1752.
-      Bates, I.S., Waldern, R.P. and Teare, I.D., 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-207.
-      Brito, G., Costa, A., Fonseca, H.M. and Santos, C.V., 2003. Response of Olea europaea ssp. maderensis in vitro shoots exposed to osmotic stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 97: 411–417.
-      Boyer, J.S., 1968. Measurement of the water status of plants. AnnualReviewofPlant Physiology, 9: 351-363.
-      Brosché, M., Vinocur, B., Alatalo, E.R., Lamminmäki, A., Teichmann, T., Ottow, E. and Kangasjärvi, J., 2005. Gene expression and metabolite profiling of Populus euphratica growing in the Negev desert. Genome Biology, 6(12), R101. doi:10.1186/gb-2005-6-12-r101.
-      Chaves, M.M., 1991. Effects of water deficits on carbon assimilation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 42: 1-6.
-      Dawalibi, V., Monteverdi, M., Moscatello, S., Battistelli, A. and Valentini, R., 2015. Effect of salt and drought on growth, physiological and biochemical responses of two Tamarix species. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, e1–e8. DOI:10.3832/ifor1233-007.
-      De Abreu, I.N. and Mazzafera, P., 2005. Effect of water and temperature stress on the content of active constituents of Hypericum brasiliense Choisy. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 43: 241-248.
-      Edreva, A., Velikova, V., Tsonev, T., Dagnon, S., Gurel, A., Aktas¸, L. and Gesheva, E., 2008. Stress protective role of secondary metabolites: diversity of functions and mechanisms. General and Applied Plant Physiology, 34: 67-78.
-      Fall, R., 1999. Biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds from higher plants. In: Reactive hydrocarbons in the atmosphere. Hewitt, C.N., Eds., Academic Press, London, UK, pp. 41-95.
-      Foito, A., 2010. A Metabolomics-based approach to study abiotic stress in Lolium perenne. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
-      Glenn, E., Miyamoto, M., Moore, D., Brown, J.J., Thompson, T.L. and Brown, P., 1997. Water requirements for cultivating Salicornia bigelovii Torr. with seawater on sand in a coastal desert environment. Journal of Arid Environment, 36: 711-730.
-      Grace, S.C. and Logan, B.A., 2000. Energy dissipation and radical scavenging by the plant phenylpropanoid pathway. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 355: 1499-1510.
-      Gratao, P.L., Polle, A., Lea, P.J. and Azevedo, R.A., 2005. Making the life of heavy metal-stressed plants a little easier. Functional Plant Biology, 32: 481-494.
-      Hadian, J., Ebrahimi, S.N. and Salehi, P., 2010. Variability of morphological and phytochemical characteristics among Satureja hortensis L. accessions of Iran. Industrial Crops and Products, 32(1): 62-69. DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.03.006.
-      Hendry, G.A.F. and Wallace, R.K., 1993. The origin, distribution and evolutionary significance of fructans. In: Suzuki M, Chatterton JN (eds.) Science and technology of fructans. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 119-139.
-      Ho, S., Chao, Y., Tong, W. and Yu, S., 2001. Sugar coordinately and differentially regulates growth and stress-related gene expression via a complex signal transduction network and multiple control mechanisms. Plant Physiology, 46: 281-285.
-      Irigoyen, J.J., Eineric, D.W. and Sanchez-Diaz, M., 1992. Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 84 (1): 58-60.
-      Jamzad, Z., 2010. A new species of Satureja (Lamiaceae) from Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 2: 213-217.
-      Jason, A., 1978. Chlorophyll and Cartenoid: Handbook of Physiological Method. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 59-65.
-      Kaiser, W.M., 1987. Effect of water deficit on photosynthetic capacity. Physiologia Plantarum, 71: 142-144.
-      Kim, S.H., Ahn, Y.O., Ahn, M.J., Lee, H.S. and Kwak, S.S., 2012. Down regulation of β-carotene hydroxylase increases β-carotene and total carotenoids enhancing salt stress tolerance in transgenic cultured cells of sweetpotato. Phytochemistry, 74: 69–78.
-      Krasensky, J. and Jonak, C., 2012. Drought, salt, and temperature stress-induced metabolic rearrangements and regulatory networks. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63: 1593-1608.
-      Liu, H., Wang, X., Wang, D., Zou, Z. and Lianga, Z., 2011. Effect of drought stress on growth and accumulation of active constituents in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Industrial Crops and Products, 33: 84-88.
-      Liang, Z., Jiang, Z., Fong, D.W. and Zhao, Z., 2009. Determination of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in Oldenlandia diffusa and its substitute using high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 17 (2): 69-77.
-      Lutts, S.J., Kint, M. and Bouharmount, J., 1996. Effect of various salts and mannitolon ion and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in rice (Oryza sativa) callus cultures. Journal of Plant Physiology, 149: 186-195.
-      Magel, E., Mayrhofer, S., Müller, A., Zimmer, I., Hampp, R. and Schnitzler, J.P., 2006. Photosynthesis and substrate supply for isoprene biosynthesis in poplar leaves. Atmospheric Environment, 40: 138-151.
-      Manukyan, A., 2011. Effect of growing factors on productivity and quality of lemon catmint, lemon balm and sage under soilless greenhouse production: I. Drought stress. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5: 119-125.
-      Michel, B.E., 1972. Solute potentials of sucrose solutions. Plant Physiology, 50: 196-198.
-      Mittler, R., 2006. Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination. Trends in Plant Science, 11(1): 15-19. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2005.11.002.
-      Mittler, R. and Zilinskas, B.A., 1994. Regulation of pea cytsolic ascor- bate peroxidase and other antioxidant enzymes during the progression of drought stress and following recovery from drought. Plant Journal, 5: 397-405.
-      Moradi, P., 2014. Use of metabolomics to study water deficit stress on the medicinal plant thyme. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
-      Nowak, M., Manderscheid, R., Weigel, H. J., Kleinwachter, M. and Selmar, D., 2010. Drought stress increases the accumulation of monoterpenes in sage (Salvia officinalis), an effect that is compensated by elevated carbon dioxide concentration. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 83: 133-136.
-      Rad, M.H., Assareh, M.H. and Soltani, M., 2015. Effects of different soil moisture regimes on some physiological characteristics of two eucalypts (E. microtheca and E. sargentii). Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 23(1):125-133.
-      Radwan, A., 2014. The impact of drought stress on monoterpene biosynthesis in sage (Salvia officinalis): Dehydrins and monoterpene synthases as molecular markers von Alzahraa Mohamed Ahmed Radwan. Thesis, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina Zu Braunschweig. Braunschweig, Germany.
-      Reich, E. and Schibli, A., 2006. High-performance Thin-Layer Chromatography for the Analysis of Medicinal Plants. Thieme Medical Pub, New York, USA, 197 pp.
-      Rezaei, H., Ghorbanli, M., Peivandi, M. and Pazoki, A., 2013. Effect of drought interactions with ascorbate on some biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes activities in Dracocephalum moldavica L. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 13(4): 522-531. doi:10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.27.07.126
-      Rhodes, D., Verslues, P.E. and Sharp, R.E., 1999. Role of amino acids in abiotic stress resistance. In: Plant Amino Acids: Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Singh, B.K. pp. 319-356. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. USA.
-      Roessner, U, Wagner, C., Kopka, J., Trethewey, R.N. and Willmitzer, L., 2000. Simultaneous analysis of metabolites in potato tuber by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plant Journal,23: 131-142.
-      Sarajuoghi, M., Abbaszadeh, B. and Ardakani, M.R., 2014. Investigation morphological and physiological response of Thymus vulgaris L. to drought stress. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 5(2): 486-492.
-      Shalata, A., Mittova, V., Volokita, M., Guy, M. and Tal, M., 2001. Response of the cultivated tomato and its wild salt tolerant relative Lycopersicon pennellii to salt dependent oxidative stress: the root antioxidative system. Physiologia Plantarum, 112: 487-494.
-      Shariat, A., Karimzadeh, G., Assareh, M.H. and Zandi_Esfahan, E., 2016. Drought Stress in Iranian Endemic Savory (Satureja rechingeri): In vivo and In vitro Studies. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding, 2016, 6(1): 1–13.
-      Shariat, A., Karimzadeh, G. and Assareh, M. H., 2013. Karyology of Iranian Endemic Satureja (Lamiaceae) Species. Cytologia, 78(3): 305–312.
-      Sharkey, T.D. and Yeh, S., 2001. Isoprene emission from plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 52: 407-436.
-      Shulaev, V., 2006. Metabolomics technology and bioinformatics. Brief Bioinform, 7: 128-139.
-      Shulaev, V., Cortes, D., Miller, G. and Mittler, R., 2008. Metabolomics for plant stress response. Physiologia Plantarum, 132(2), 199-208. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.01025.x
-      Smirnoff, N., 1993. The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytologist, 125: 27-58.
-      Sumner, L.W., Mendes, P. and Dixon, R.A., 2003. Plant metabolomics: large-scale phytochemistry in the functional genomics era. Phytochemistry, 62: 817-836.
-      Teulat, B., Monneveux, P., Wery, J., Borries, C., Souyris, I., Charrier, A. and This, D., 1997. Relationships between relative water content and growth parameters under water stress in barley: barley: a QTL study. New Phytologist, 137: 99-107.
-      Tavakoli-Nia, A., Assareh, M.H., Shariat, A. and Bakhshi Khaniki, G.R., 2016. Effects of salinity stress on morphological and physiological parameters in three Eucalyptus species. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 24(1):42-53.
-      Weckwerth, W., 2007. Metabolomics, methods and protocols. Humana Press, New Jersey, USA.
-      Weckwerth, W. and Kahl, G., 2013. The Handbook of Plant Metabolomics. 1st edn. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, UK.
-      Wilhelm, C. and Selmar, D., 2011. Energy dissipation is an essential mechanism to sustain the viability of plants: The physiological limits of improved photosynthesis. Journal of Plant Physiology, 168: 79-87.
-      Wink, M., 2010. Introduction: biochemistry, physiology and ecological functions of secondary metabolites. In: Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism. Wink, M. (Ed.) pp. 1-19. Wiley Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
-      
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Volume 25, Issue 2 - Serial Number 50
September 2017
Pages 232-246

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics