Evaluation of genetic diversity of several accessions of Iranian
Hyoscyamus niger L. based on RAPD markers
mohammad javad
yousefi
author
mohammad-smaeel
hasani
author
hasan
madah-aarefi
author
matin
mohammadi-pour
author
text
article
2009
per
Genetic diversity of 19 accessions of Hyoscyamus niger L., collected from different parts of Iran, were evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data. Total Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves of plants and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed using Sixteen RAPD primers and produced a total of two hundred and eight bands, with one hundred and ninety six polymorphic bands (94.31%) between single plants of the investigated accessions. RAPD products were scored for presence (1) or absence (0) of each amplicon evaluated using Binary method and subsequently genetic similarity was calculated by employing Dice index and cluster analysis was carried out according to UPGMA algorithm using NTSYS-pc software. Accession of Isfahan showed maximum difference with other accessions and classified in separate group and maximum similarity was observed between accessions of Roodbar- 2 and Siahkal- 1 with 0.80 similarity. Results showed a moderate level of genetic diversity among investigated accessions. The results also indicated that RAPD approach seemed to be best-suited for fingerprinting and assessing genetic diversity among H. niger accessions with high accuracy.
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)
1735-0891
17
v.
1
no.
2009
1
14
https://ijrfpbgr.areeo.ac.ir/article_9290_f4ef3d76a8a048133704077b7f003217.pdf
Effects of ABA and Ca on the changes of some biochemical compounds during adaptation to salinity in Aeluropus lagopoides
masoomeh
jan nesar
author
azra
saboura
author
khadijeh
razavi
author
text
article
2009
per
Salinity has different effects on crops and limits their productivity. Halophytes tolerate high salt conditions. .Aeluropus lagopoidesisa stoloniferous, prennial halophytic grass from poaceafamily. Although it usually grows in high salinity conditions but its growth is normally without any symptoms of salt stress. In this study, seeds were cultured on mesh in hydroponic medium supplemented by ½MS medium. After 21d, seedling were treated by NaCl (600 mM), ABA (50 µM), Ca2SO4 (5mM), (NaCl+Ca2SO4), (NaCl+ABA) and (Ca2SO4 +ABA) and then several biochemical compounds were measured in shoots and roots of Aeluropus lagopide. Results showed that ABA treatment reduced pigments content lower than other treatments. In addition, ABA decreased K+/Na+ rate and MDA content in the roots and caused accumulation of proline. Although Ca2+ elevated K+/Na+ rate in the shoots and decreased it in the roots, but the effects of Ca2+ on the changes of the proline and MDA content in shoots were in contrast to them in roots. Under salt stress, K+/Na+ rate decreased in shoots and roots and increased proline content only in shoots. It seems that ABA has not significant effects on ionic adjustment and MDA content of shoots. On the other hand, Ca2+ reduced shoot stress in A.Lagopoides by increasing K+/Na+ rate. Also, results indicated that the species has the advantage of accumulation of proline in shoot and Na in root for osmotic adjustment during salinity stress as this caused a decrease in MDA content both in shoots and roots.
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)
1735-0891
17
v.
1
no.
2009
15
28
https://ijrfpbgr.areeo.ac.ir/article_9366_5c3831c88675740adb3c7235ca5ffd0a.pdf
Genetic potentials of drumstick (Moringa peregrina (Forssk). Fiori) populations in callus induction immature embryo growth
hossein
mirzai-noduoshan
author
fereshteh
asadi-corom
author
mitra
emam
author
gholam-reza
bakhshi-khaniki
author
hashem
keneshloo
author
mohammad-yuosef
achak
author
text
article
2009
per
Moringa peregrina is one of the important neglected species, which is widely scattered in the south and east south part of I.R.Iran. In spite of the importance of the species, there was not enough attention paid on its biological aspects and the species is being genetically eroded. To study within and between population genetic variation of the species in clone induction and in vitro propagation, and in order to find proper method of immature seed culture, immature pods were randomly collected from representative sample trees of the species of four Moringa habitats in south part of the country. Effects of 2 culture medium and 4 habitats were investigated by a factorial statistical model based on a completely randomized design. Callus was inducted on the both mediums and analysis of variance showed significant differences between the studied habitats in callus induction. Duncan multiple range test revealed two distinct groups between the habitats for callus induction. The tested medium were also significantly different in callus induction. Although it is believed that the species is under sever genetic erosion, fortunately, such a variation in callus induction indicates that there are considerable within and between populations genetic variation in other characteristics. Growth and percentage of seedling production through immature embryos was different between the studied populations and single trees.
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)
1735-0891
17
v.
1
no.
2009
29
37
https://ijrfpbgr.areeo.ac.ir/article_9372_272245a54bcad651601af624060df301.pdf
Morphological and biochemical characterization of Ferula assafoetida in
response to salt stress
alireza
mohammad dost- shiri
author
abbas
safarnejad
author
hasan
hamidi
author
text
article
2009
per
Ferula assafoetida is one of the most important medicinal plants from family of Apiaceae. Salt tolerance of three accessions of Ferula assafoetida namely Kashmar, Tabas and Boshroyeh were investigated. To determine seed germination percentage, seeds were transferred to cold pretreatment (4-5˚C) for 19 days. Then seedlings were transferred to culture medium to grow. Seedlings were again transferred to hydroponic conditions with different concentrations of NaCl. The experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications per treatment. Results showed that the level of salt tolerance for three accessions of the species was 100 mol l-1. by increasing salt concentration level, shoot length, root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weights were decreased. Concentrations of K+, Na+ and Ca+2 (after 15 days) and proline accumulation (after 1, 5, 10 and 15 days) showed significant differences compared to control in response to salt stress. In response to salt stress the most reduction was showed in Kashmar accession and the lowest reduction was showed in Boshroyeh accession.
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)
1735-0891
17
v.
1
no.
2009
38
49
https://ijrfpbgr.areeo.ac.ir/article_9378_7feb7327371a57afd362834e1fce3e02.pdf
Cryopreservation of Medicago rigidula seeds by two methods of vitrification
and encapsulation-dehydration
marziyeh
kolahdozan
author
abbas
ghamari zare
author
shekoofeh
shahrzad
author
khadijeh
kiarostami
author
text
article
2009
per
Preservation of genetic resources of Medicago rigidula which is one of the forage and endemic species in Iran is essential. For the first time seeds of the species were successfully cryopreserved by vitrification and encapsulation-dehydration methods. The seeds were dehydrated by silicagel in desiccator, then two conservation methods were applied: 1) by vitrification method, seeds were loaded with 2M glycerol solution in 0.6M sucrose for 20 min., then loaded seeds were transferred into 2ml cryovials containing 0.5ml PVS2 at 0°C. 2). By encapsulation-dehydration method, dried seeds plunged into alginic acid solution for 15 min, then transferred into CaCl2 solution for the same duration. Encapsulated seeds were dehydrated in room temperature for 20h and transferred into 2ml cryovials. Both of the seed groups plunged instantly in liquid nitrogen (-196°C). After a week vitrified and encapsulated seeds were thawed in distilled water bath at 40°C for 2 min and washed in 1.2M sucrose solution for 5, 10 and 15 min intervals with gentle shake. Three recovery procedures were used: 1) washing of vitrified, encapsulated and control seeds under running water for I) 30 min, II) 24 h and transferring the seeds onto petri-dishes containing moist filter papers and 2) sterilization of vitrified, encapsulated and control seeds by 1.5% sodium hypochlorite and transferring into MS medium supplemented with 5 mgl-1 GA3. Survival percentage of seeds was estimated after 4 and 18 days respectively for unsterile and sterile conditions. The germination percentage of seeds after vitrification and encapsulation-dehydration method ranged respectively between 98.6%-99.2% and 98.4%-99.7%.
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)
1735-0891
17
v.
1
no.
2009
50
60
https://ijrfpbgr.areeo.ac.ir/article_9379_f47a884f5e9db2a7fc2d87bbeea8fc6d.pdf
Determination of intra-specific karyotypic variation in 17 genotypes
of Agropyron elongatum L
adeleh
rafezi
author
mohsen
farshadfar
author
ezat-allah
farshadfar
author
text
article
2009
per
Agropyron is one of the most resistant plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. It has important role to produce forage yield in rangelands. In order to investigate karyotypic variation between seventeen genotypes of Agropyron elongatum L., this experiment was performed. Root tip meristems were used for karyotypic evaluation. Alfa-bromo-naphthalene and Levitsky solution were used as pretreatment and fixative, respectively. Chromosomes were stained by hematoxylin. Long arm length (L), short arm length (S), total chromosome length (TL), L/S and S/L, and total form percentage (TF%) were recorded. Genotypes were mainly decaploid (2n = 10x = 70) and one genotype was mixoploid (2n = 6x = 42, 2n = 10x = 70, 2n = 2x = 14). According to cluster analysis the genotypes were classified into 3 clusters. Based on principle components analysis, relative length of chromosome and total chromosome length had the greatest amount of variance.
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)
1735-0891
17
v.
1
no.
2009
61
69
https://ijrfpbgr.areeo.ac.ir/article_9380_4f6fa30544a6283f2ca6ad0f61f65f07.pdf
Genetic diversity of clover genetic resources held by National Plant Gene Bank of
Iran with emphasis on agronomic traits
mohammadreza
abbasi
author
text
article
2009
per
Clover genus (Trifolium) species are the most important forage species after alfalfa, in Iran. Iran is one of the major centers of genetic diversity of the species. A total of 1501 accessions under 27 species were planted in a field experiment in Karaj. Aagro-morphological traits were characterized according to IPGRI descriptors. High level of diversity was found for the most of agro-morphological traits which were discussed in annual and perennial species, separately. Cluster analysis identified wild species that potentially can be used in the agricultural systems. Annual species were appeared in 4 clusters whereas perennial ones classified into 2 clusters and separated from annual species. T. echinatum, T. purpureum, and T. lappaceum were suggested as more suitable species for using in the agricultural systems. Because of high level of diversity in the primary, secondary and tertiary gene pools for cultivated species, clover collection in the National Plant Gene Bank plays a key role in clover breeding programs in the country.
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)
1735-0891
17
v.
1
no.
2009
70
87
https://ijrfpbgr.areeo.ac.ir/article_9382_7bdca742b5919acf2bc8330d146093ec.pdf
The Survey of diversity in leaf and fruit morphological characters of
Celtis australis in various geographical conditions.
mehrdad
zarafshar
author
moslem
akbariniya
author
hamed
yuosef zadeh
author
ali
satariyan
author
text
article
2009
per
As Celtis sites in North of Iran are degrading, it is necessary to determine genetic variation and recognize ecological requirements for better conservation and management. For investigating geographical variation of Celtis australis based on leaf and fruit morphology, three plant populations of the species were sampled. Ten trees with at least 100 meters interval distance were selected from each population, and leaf samples were collected from middle crown early October. Leaves were mixed together and 5 leaves were selected randomly for detail studies. Results indicated that petiole length, tip width, number of serration, fruit weight and peduncle length were significantly different among the populations. Leaf width, leaf width at 0.1 of its length, leaf length in first component and fruit dimensions (length, diameter, weight and fruits thickness) in second component, tip length, stomata width and stomata width at 0.9 in third component showed the major role in the observed variance based on principal components analysis. First five components justified 81.9% of total observed variance. Leaf weight, leaf tip length and leaf width showed the highest plasticity value while fruit dimensions, number of serration and length of stomata showed the lowest plasticity value. Geographical variation especially in leaf morphological traits of Celtis australis is concluded based on these results. Also since petiole length, leaf tip width and number of serration are less affected by environmental factors, they may be used as distinctive traits in identifying Celtis species.
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)
1735-0891
17
v.
1
no.
2009
88
99
https://ijrfpbgr.areeo.ac.ir/article_9389_871eadc8c5281b9ab556df6321b421c6.pdf
Effects of different treatments on seed dormancy of Teucrium polium
maryam
shakeri
author
manijeh
miyan abady
author
raziyeh
yazdan parast
author
text
article
2009
per
Teucrium polium L., as a medicinal plant belongs to Laminaceae, has been recognized in traditional medicine for treatment of diabetes, inflammation, diarrhea and etc. Because of medicinal importance of T. polium, propagation of the species by seed was investigated and the best treatment for induction of its seed germination was determined. Intact seeds of the species were germinated in suitable conditions by just 2.2 percentages, whereas seed viability was 82%. Therefore, the majority of the seeds of the species seemed to be under the influence of some types of dormancy. Seed germination increased remarkably by using mechanical scarification, friction with sandpaper and 15 minutes acid sulfuric treatment compared to intact seeds by 68%, 11%, and 22.2%, respectively. The dormancy was not affected by cold treatment. The results indicated seed dormancy of the species is due to presence of hard seed coat. The best treatment for removing the seed dormancy on the species seems to be making small pores on seed coat.
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)
1735-0891
17
v.
1
no.
2009
100
111
https://ijrfpbgr.areeo.ac.ir/article_9390_3d5602c2f324d485b527dd20d1f7e97f.pdf
Investigation of inter-specific relationship on eight species of Tragopogon based on karyotypic characteristics
roya
moghimi fam
author
mir habib
manafi
author
ahmad
razban haghighi
author
text
article
2009
per
Eight species of Tragopogon L. from East Azarbaijan province were studied as follows: T. montanus ،T. pusillus،T. graminifolius ،T. vaginatum،T. choloratum،T. reticulatum،T. rezaiyensis and T. buphthalmoides. Five methaphasic cells were studied for each of the species. Base chromosome numbers of the genera were 6 and 7. Principal components analysis based on all of the characters revealed that according to the first and second components the role of characters such as Long arm length, total chromosome length and percentage of long arm length (L%) were important in Tragopogon species classification. Cluster analysis was used for determining similarity between the species. Based on the cluster analysis the species were divided into 4 groups. Averages of arm ratio of the groups were 1.09, 2.05, 1.91 and 1.7 micron, respectively. The species in the first group were characterized with metacentric chromosomes. The species in the rest of the groups were characterized with sub metacentric chromosomes. The species in the second, third and forth groups (T. vaginatum ، T. pusillus T. choloratum، T. buphthalmoides، T. graminifolius and T. montanus ) are evolutionary more advanced than species in the first group (T. reticulatum، T. rezaiyensis ).
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)
1735-0891
17
v.
1
no.
2009
112
121
https://ijrfpbgr.areeo.ac.ir/article_9391_b51f57fc96b34aafd20d438c002a4193.pdf
Investigation of general combining ability of male and female trees of
Pistacia atlantica for selecting the best parents for breeding purposes
abdoalreza
nasirzadeh
author
hasan
madaharefi
author
hasan
negahdari
author
text
article
2009
per
Eight male and 15 female trees of Pistacia atlantica were selected at Arsenjan forest (Marvdasht, Iran) for crossbreeding experiments., Flowers of the selected females were isolated by transparent paper pockets during March, 1998. Flowers of each female tree were pollinated with pollens of the selected male trees. Produced seeds were collected during October. Then the seeds were planted in the nursery in 1999, and several characters including germination percentage, oil content, establishment, plant height and trunk diameter were measured. General combining ability of the parents were determined based on the measured characters. Results showed that according to general combining ability, the male parents, number 5, 4, 6, 8 and the female parent numbers 2, 4, 3, 8, 10, 14 and 15 had the highest roles on expression of the characters. Cluster analysis of general combining ability of male and female parents showed two categories of male with 80 and two categories of female with 70 percent similarities, respectively. The results showed that the highest and lowest oil percent with average values of 40.72 and 20.02 belonged to crosses 5*2 and 7*6 respectively.
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)
1735-0891
17
v.
1
no.
2009
122
131
https://ijrfpbgr.areeo.ac.ir/article_9423_bf18edb67f8e94ccc17816ce8ca27d75.pdf
Pilot production of Taq and Pfu DNA polymerases
hossein
mirzaei nodoushan
author
text
article
2009
per
Taq and Pfu DNA polymerases are two important enzymes in molecular biology studies. They are widely used in all molecular biology laboratories. Simple method of production and purification of the two enzymes is reported here to locally supply laboratories with high consumption level. Plasmids containing the Taq and Pfu genes were separately transformed to an E. coli strain. The transformed bacteria were grown on liquid 2x SOB culture medium for 4.5 hours. Bacterial cultures were induced to produce the enzymes. Extraction and purification of the enzymes was conducted as presented in this study. Bradford assay was used to determine the enzyme concentration. The activity and efficiency of Taq and Pfu enzymes produced here were compared to a commercial enzyme by amplifying a known genomic fragment of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Colombia. Therefore, the enzyme production method adopted in this study was efficient in producing high purity Taq and Pfu.
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)
1735-0891
17
v.
1
no.
2009
132
138
https://ijrfpbgr.areeo.ac.ir/article_9450_1f79b9961545a2c2c40f234a93ebc26b.pdf
Differentiation of beech stem forms using isoenzyme gene markers
parvin
salehi-shanjani
author
mohammad hassan
asareh
author
mohsen
calagari
author
text
article
2009
per
Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is one of the major components of the Iranian forests and it is of both ecological and economical importance. In beech stands (Fagus sylvatica Lipsky) it is observed, that beech trees with specific trunk morphology, such as forked stems, often occur in groups, can be assumed due to a limited pollen and especially seed dispersal and distinct family structures. Aim of this work was the investigation of a possible relation between the variability of the trunk morphology and genetic variation of the species. A total of 68 forked and monopodial trees in a beech stands in Hyrcanian Forests of Iran were analyzed using 16 enzymatic gene loci. Comparison for genetic diversity measures between the forked and monopodial trees revealed no significant differences for mean number of alleles per locus, mean number of frequent alleles per locus, effective number of alleles, neither for Shanon index nor expected heterozygosity. However, it was found private allele in the forked trees group, which is very important for adaptation processes in future. The outcrossing rate estimated using isoenzyme gene markers was relatively high for all of the investigated individuals, as expected. The results of this analysis did not show any clear genetic differentiation between the forked and monopodial groups of beech trees that means there was no indication about enzymatic genotypes, which strongly promote the formation of forked stems; this shows that application of isoenzyme gene markers in differentiation of adaptive treats should be considered with caution. However observation of private allele in forked trees group persuades us to continue this subject using other markers.
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)
1735-0891
17
v.
1
no.
2009
139
154
https://ijrfpbgr.areeo.ac.ir/article_9451_deaf00c6948dfc0f5b216eb647031186.pdf
Comparision of qualitative and quantitative activities of peroxidase
in different organs of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz
yaghoub
iranmanesh
author
soudabeh
aliahmad crouri
author
kambiz
spahbodi
author
davood
azadfar
author
text
article
2009
per
Enzymes are important factors on metabolism functions of plants. Enzyme was introduced as a suitable index in order to response to alteration of environmental factors. This research was carried out on Farim forest region on Mazandaran province of Iran by selecting 40 trees of S. torminaslis (L.) Crantz. Seeds were obtained from all of the selected trees and the seedlings were produced for each single tree separately. In order to investigate enzymatic activities in different organs, four trees with the same characteristics were selected. Sampling were done on branch and leaf of seedlings and different organs. The samples' enzymes were extracted immediately and peroxidase was quantitatively and qualitatively studied. Quantitative studies were acomplished by Spectrophotometer (in 530 NM wave length) and qualitative studies were performed by polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Comparison of isoenzymatical patterns of the leaf and branch showed existence of a specific band in leaf and branch samples that shows plant ability in response to ecological alteration. Also quantitative activity of peroxidase in branch was 0.186 and in leaf was 0.085 that was statistically significant. The number of isoenzymes of branch and leaf were 15 and 12 respectively.
Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)
1735-0891
17
v.
1
no.
2009
155
165
https://ijrfpbgr.areeo.ac.ir/article_9452_cec0d3cf5279ff7e5005b5d557be8a96.pdf